Giorgio Parisi

Professor Parisi was awarded the 2021 Nobel Prize in Physics jointly with Syukuro Manabe and Klaus Hasselmann for groundbreaking contributions to the theory of complex systems, specifically for his discovery of the interplay of disorder and fluctuations in physical systems from atomic to planetary scales. His work has proven foundational not only in theoretical physics but across a remarkable range of disciplines — from mathematics and biology to neuroscience and machine learning.
Born and raised in Rome, Professor Parisi graduated from Sapienza University of Rome in 1970 under the guidance of Nicola Cabibbo and has remained one of the defining figures of Italian and international science ever since. Over the course of his career, he has made decisive contributions to particle physics, statistical mechanics, fluid dynamics, condensed matter physics, and the study of complex systems. He is the author of over 600 scientific articles and four books. A member of the Accademia dei Lincei (the Italian National Academy of Sciences), of which he has served as president, the US National Academy of Sciences, and the French Académie des Sciences, Professor Parisi has received numerous international honors, including the Boltzmann Medal, the Dannie Heineman Prize, the Max Planck Medal, and the Wolf Prize.